Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Dangerous Sports Essay

In recent years we have seen a considerable rise in dangerous or extreme sports. This essay shall discuss some of the main reasons why people engage in such sports and suggest ways in which some risks involved in such sports can be reduced. The main reason why people go for dangerous sports is that they get the thrill out of them. They like taking risks. They like to challenge their abilities and potentials. They feel a sense of satisfaction when they come face to face with fears while bungee jumping, rock climbing and so on. In addition, going through a dangerous experience gives them courage and confidence to face the hurdles of their daily life. Another reason for pursuing such sports is that there is a lot of fame and money involved in them. They get attention by doing stunts on motorcycles and jumping from tall buildings. They make headlines in newspapers and TV News Channels. They feel great when their name comes in the Guinness Book of World Records. Once they get famous they get a lot of money also. For instance, many businesses hire them to endorse their products. They also get jobs on the basis of such skills. Many steps can be taken to reduce the risks are that involved. Firstly, these sports should be done under strict supervision. All safety precautions should be taken. Such sports should be performed after sufficient training and under supervision of adults. Sport companies which cater to such sports should require a license for providing such training. Some people suggest banning some sports. However, I do not believe that banning is a good solution. We all know that forbidden fruits taste sweeter and people will do such sports in hiding which would increase the risks involved. To put it in a nutshell, I pen down saying that, people do such sports for fun, for money and for fame. However, such sports should be performed after sufficient training from licensed companies and under some supervision.

Functions of Emotions Essay

By definition, emotions are short-lived phenomena in the psychological and physiological systems of rational beings that represent modes of adaptation to the dynamism of the internal and external environment (Fiske, Gilbert & Lindzey, 2010). Emotions are responsible for psychologically altering the attention and shifting behaviors in response to changing demands. They are therefore very instrumental in not only defining inter-personal relationships but also the lives of rational beings (Lewis, Haviland-Jones & Barret, 2008). In this research paper, the author seeks to explain and describe the social functions of emotions in a relationship. I will first identify the emotions that relate to relationships and then proceed to explain the functions they play. Examples of emotions that apply to relationships Emotions are complex and intricately related. There has been confusion in the usage of terms between emotions and feelings while the two are not synonymous. The word â€Å"Feelings† can be used to describe the sensitivity to emotions or morals. In other words, feeling is the passion or sensation of emotions and is therefore a component of emotion (Fiske, Gilbert & Lindzey, 2010). Each emotion leads to the exhibition of a corresponding set of behaviors, both in the movement of the body (emotional expression through skeletal muscles) and in other responses that do not include physical movements. In the context of relationships, very many emotions apply. To every emotion there is an opposite. Examples of emotions which are applicable in the development of interpersonal relationships include love and passion which are contradicted by hatred and disgust and happiness which is contradicted by the emotion of sadness. Pride as an emotion plays a significant role in the development of relationships between parents and their children, between lovers and also between casual acquaintances (Lewis, Haviland-Jones & Barret, 2008). Jealousy, gratefulness and empathy also play a major role in relationships. Emotions and the Capacity to communicate and influence people Emotions are communicated through verbal statements and non-verbal statements including facial expressions, postures or gestures. Most expressions of emotions have a direct and automatic effect on other people, and more so if these emotions are communicated non-verbally. The human conscience is programmed to naturally decode emotions in the action of other people (Fussell, 2002). Therefore, how well a person expresses his or her emotions goes a long way in determining how well other people understand him. People will usually respond to facial expressions and other gestures. Being able to effectively communicate one’s emotions so that they are representative of the feelings held inside plays a major role in either strengthening or weakening the relationship bonds between people. A person who relays his feelings (through emotions) genuinely is less likely to be misunderstood and is therefore more likely to get positive responses to his demands or requirements (Fussell, 2002). Take for example a person whose face lights up upon seeing another person. Such will definitely be interpreted as a reaction to the emotion of love or passion. Upon decoding this, the targeted party is also likely to develop affection for the other person. Strong relationships are founded on how genuinely people communicate their emotions (Knobloch & Solomon, 2003). Emotions are also useful in influencing the actions of others. Disappointment, for example in a parent for his or her underperforming child can trigger the urge to work harder in school so as to please the parent (Dunsmorea, Bensona & Bradburna, 2006). However, constant disappointment in people despite their exhibited desire to improve damages relationships as it induces guilt and shame. In other words, positive emotions most of the time build a relationship and negative emotions like anger, fear, sadness and disappointment will tend to destroy a relationship. Emotions negatively or positively impact on how people process information. They comprise an integral part of interpersonal communication and therefore define how people negotiate with other people or groups (Perlman, 2007). It is the relational problems an individual faces which give rise to emotions and emotions therefore become important in relationships as they define the way the individual navigates though the challenges that arise in the process of relating to other people. Emotions as a motivating factor The human psychological and physiological faculties are pre-programmed to automatically obey or respond to emotions (Fiske, Gilbert & Lindzey, 2010). Emotions on their part prepare and motivate people to act in a specific manner. For example, the emotion of love will prompt its bearer to show the person he or she is in love with the actions which will illustrate his or her passion. Perhaps love is the most instrumental emotion in relationships. It is love which makes people to be concerned with the welfare of other people in their environment and triggers responsible behavior that ensures the society moves towards a state in which the welfare of everyone within that specific society is protected (Perlman, 2007). Another example of emotions playing a part in relationship building is in the way they trigger actions which signify goodwill (Ryff & Singer, 2001). If a person sees his neighbor’s toddler moving towards danger, say in the path of traffic, he or she will feel obliged, through the action of the emotion of fear, to save it. The neighbor whose child has been rescued from imminent danger will be very appreciative of the other person, and through this appreciation their interpersonal relationship will become more cordial. Alternatively, when a person acts in a manner likely to suggest that he or she does not care much about the welfare of the people next to him or her, the relationship between him or her and those people suffers a setback. Emotions empower people to overcome obstacles in their environment and therefore end up defining the way a person reacts on the backdrop of specific circumstances. This ends up defining how a person relates to other people (Ryff & Singer, 2001). For example, before sitting an oral interview, a person will be overcome with the emotion of anxiety. He or she will then be obliged through automatic adaptation to prepare extensively to beat his or her fear. When the time comes, he or she will have garnered sufficient confidence and his or her response to questions presented is likely to be mature, clear and expressive. If this be the case, the interviewing panel is likely to feel attracted to the candidate and will most likely hire him or her to fill the vacancy. A new relationship then begins and will continue to grow based on the candidate’s continued state of emotional competence and capacity to adapt to new challenges. Adaptive functions of emotions within relationships Emotions provide an individual with the capacity to adaptively respond and cope with particular circumstances or situations. Every person is unique in his or her own way, and these fundamental differences in personality have characterized the human species since the beginning (Knobloch & Solomon, 2003). To forge and to maintain relationships, people need to tolerate this diversity, and emotional responses enable us to do so. For example, my friend, spouse or work colleague who looks depressed may be battling a certain stressing issue. If I take the time to encourage or cheer them up, I will have strengthened the bond between us. Emotions, through this adaptive function regulate the social interaction of people. By correctly identifying the emotions other people are feeling through their body language and facial expressions, an individual may be motivated to either move towards them or keep his or her distance (Oatley, Keltner & Jenkins, 2006). This way, relationships are strengthened, formed or damaged to some degree. Through the evolutionary process, members of the human species have learnt to express their emotions through art, poetry and literature to give more meaning to the sense of being human, and it is the celebration of this color or spice that enables people to live cordially with one another. The self-validating role of emotions Who people really are is, to a large extent, derived from their emotions (Fiske, Gilbert & Lindzey, 2010). Emotions are always valid even though they are not necessarily facts, and they therefore give a person the intuition to feel whether something may be right or wrong. The intensity of emotions expressed determines the probability of an individual’s needs being met. For example, a person who strongly feels the need to establish serious relationships with others is more likely to have healthy and objective relationships (Oatley, Keltner & Jenkins, 2006). People who decrease the intensity of their emotions are less likely to be taken seriously, and therefore their relationships are more likely to be weak. Emotions also function to put a limit to relationships and the levels of social interaction by virtue of their being self-validating (Lewis, Haviland-Jones & Barret, 2008). Take an example of a person who feels uneasy about attending a certain social event due to the feeling that something will go wrong. Nevertheless, he or she attends the event, and somewhere down the line, he or she disagrees with another person in attendance and decides to leave. Such a person will most likely develop the tendency to strictly follow their emotions while making decisions in other aspects of everyday life, including relationships. An example of this scenario is when an individual abstains from forming a relationship with another person in their social environment because of the feeling that he or she may not be a nice person, even though this may be totally wrong (Ryff & Singer, 2001). Conclusion In this paper, my objective was to explain and describe the function of emotions in relationships. I began by identifying various emotions which directly impact on relationships. Such emotions include love, hate, pride, jealousy, passion and fear. Secondly, I explained the role emotions play in communication. The ways in which emotions are communicated are verbal statements and non-verbal gestures including facial expressions, gestures or any other type of body language. Communication is a very essential part in the foundation of a relationship, and the role emotions play in communication therefore becomes defining in relationships (Fussell, 2002). I also discussed the function of emotions in adapting to the various challenges that occur regularly in relationships as well as how emotions inhibit people from forming or maintaining relationships based on intuition. In conclusion, emotions, besides adding color and spice to the art living greatly determine how people understand each other and therefore how they relate in the society. References Dunsmorea, J. C. , Bensona, M. J. & Bradburna, I. S. (2006). â€Å"Functions of Emotions for Parent Child Relationships within Dynamic Contexts: Introduction to the Special Issue. † Research in Human Development, 3(1) pp 1-5. Fiske, S. T. , Gilbert, D. T. , & Lindzey, G. (2010). Handbook of Social Psychology Volume Two. 5th Ed. John Wiley and Sons. Fussell, S. R. (2002). The Verbal Communication of Emotions: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Lewis, M. , Haviland-Jones, J. M. , & Barrett, L. F. (2008) Handbook of emotions. 3rd Ed. Guilford Press.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Economic and Financial Committee Essay

This letter is to address the widening gap between the rich and poor in developing nations, and how globalization policies create a situation that lessens that gap. In many developing countries there is simply a poor class and a rich class. Developed nations are characterized by the presence of a middle class. The middle class bridges the gap between rich and poor, and when developing nations can create a fully functioning middle class within their societies, the contrasts between rich and poor seem to deplete. In a viewpoint essay edited by Debra Miller (2008) entitled â€Å"Globalization Promotes Democracy Both Directly and Indirectly† this concept is demonstrated. The premise of the article is that globalization efforts create an economic and entrepreneurial middle class who then demand and facilitate democratization in developing countries. As a matter of policy, economic reform, through globalization, should precede democratization. For example glasnost in Russia, or democracy and freedom before economic reform, proved to be unsuccessful. While in China economic reform before political change has proven to be an effective policy. The conclusions of Jagdish Bhagwati, Columbia University economics professor and U. N. advisor, demonstrate the process of bridging the economic and class gap. A small farmer in India used the internet to take his crops to both local and international markets. This tool of globalization gave him the freedom to control prices, as well as supply and demand. This increased economic independence and experience of personal control often translates into political aspirations that eventually lead to policies that bridge the economic gap in such countries. The internet is just one tool of globalization. As your committee examines the conditions and policies of other developing nations, it is imperative that you consider the process of globalization that leads to economic reform that leads to democracy. Policies and initiatives must focus on supplying developing nations with the tools of globalization, particularly access to international trade opportunities, that have a direct impact on the individual’s economic and financial situations. As these individuals transform into an economic middle class, they will take action in the social and political affairs in their nations that will, in turn, create a more democratic society that will provide better economic opportunities for all citizens. Reference Globalization Promotes Democracy Both Directly and Indirectly. (2007). In Debra Miller Current Controversies: Globalization(). Detroit: Greenhaven Press. 5 May 2008, Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center via Gale: http://find. galegroup. com/ips/start. do? prodId=IPS Respectfully Submitted,

Monday, July 29, 2019

Australia Ripples the Waters as It Relaxes Cross-Media and Foreign Essay

Australia Ripples the Waters as It Relaxes Cross-Media and Foreign Ownership Laws - Essay Example That pithy exchange from the past captures the essence of the present-day debate in Australia triggered by the government announcement of plans to deregulate media after 20 years of controls on foreign ownership and cross-media transactions. The Morley-Jones clash of views between the public service and business orientation of media deferred to old UK conditions, but the same hairsplitting still rings true today and continues to reverberate throughout the world as economic opportunities diminish and competition for scarce resources tighten up. Since almost all sectors of national economies have been served up for foreign interests in the universal drive to generate much-needed foreign investment, governments in many parts of the world, both developed and underdeveloped, are fixing their attention on the media industry as the last remaining enticement for foreign investors. As Australian Sen. Ron Walker puts it: "Media has become the last major industry begging for reform to bring it to the 21st century."2 By inference, the senator is batting for a new scheme that would keep Australian media in step with the times by allowing foreign investment into the arena. Australia is veering towards that exact direction, with the reforms on foreign media ownership and cross-media transactions programmed to take effect in 20073. ... This merger is called cross-media ownership in industry parlance. In the interim, the government conducts a nationwide multi-sector consultation in a desire to accommodate every viewpoint in the reform framework and thus hammer out a final policy that is acceptable to all. The more strident objections, as expected, come from the vanguards of press freedom and the citizens' rights to the widest sources of news and information brought to them without the biases of big business. Big businesses the media firms will indeed become if the set of current restrictions are pulled out. Thus, the debate now raging in Australia's media landscape centers on the basic question: Are the economic benefits promised by the entry of foreign media and liberalization of cross-media rules enough to justify placing at risk the spirit of competition and independence of media This essay weighs the pros and cons of the issue, ranging the Australian media reform plan against that of other countries exhibiting the same inclinations, if only to see which models it can use to improve a framework that would appeal to the cross-section of Australian society. II. Foreign Ownership of Media Under the Australian media reform plan, regulations on media ownership will be relaxed as they involve both Australian citizens and foreigners. All existing restrictions on foreign ownership and control of media will be abolished as well as relevant barriers contained in both the 1992 Broadcasting Services Act (BSA) and the Foreign Investment Policy under the 1975 Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act (FATA)4. Limits on simultaneous ownership of

Sunday, July 28, 2019

English Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

English - Research Paper Example The world is full of personalities who have been made stars just because of their involvement in soccer. Their every aspect of life has been defined by this game loved by many. The scope of beneficiaries of the game is wide and range from the footballers themselves to coaches who teach the youth how to play soccer. Like in Europe, soccer has a considerable share of the European economy and for this it forms an important part of the economy. It supports other industries and hence treated with a lot of seriousness it accords. To other parts of the world, soccer is used for similar reasons among others. This research is explores how soccer can be used in shaping the live of youth. It digs deep into the possibilities of using soccer game to help youth dream big, be disciplined and have a clear focus about their future. In addition, it evaluates how soccer can be used to instill teamwork and self-reliance besides assessing how popular soccer is among the youth, the age commonly attracted to soccer and finally the risks associated with the act of playing soccer. This is done in a very systematic way in which several resources are used to get the fine details. All time professionals’ life in the game, like David Beckham, has been studied so that a fine grip of the reality at the ground is realized. The of talks of renowned football coaches is also studied so as to unearth the truths which help these coaches instill discipline in these young players. Adolescent is quite challenging among many youth and hence means and ways to curb the effects of troubled adolescents through soccer are studied closely to yield reliable information for governments and other concerned bodies to take action. Soccer and Life skills In life, failure to have discipline in any life undertaking is failure already. David Beckham acknowledges that for one to succeed in football, he has to be disciplined. Football does not request for discipline, but instead it demands for it. You have to m ake a choice; either to be disciplined and learn football or to forget about soccer. Discipline in soccer is a wide aspect. Plainly, it can be stated that discipline is doing what is right all the time for the right purpose and place. When it is time to eat, go and eat. When it is time to play, you just have to go and play. Nevertheless, in soccer, discipline calls for more than just this. A player’s rise to stardom has to establish a very strong foundation of discipline. Respect is of great importance when it comes to adding to discipline. Soccer is a game which entails a lot of stakeholders. There are the players who are teammates, the coach, the team doctors, management team fans, etc. A good relationship between you and all these members of a team depends mostly with the respect which exists in between. Everybody yearns to relate well with the people around them and for this is easily achievable through the discipline of respecting others. It begins with acknowledgement a nd dip conviction that everybody in the team is important. This conviction yields respect which in turn stabilizes discipline. When practiced over and over, it becomes habitual. Respect being a 2-way traffic, you will be respected back by those whom you respect. When playing the game, you are not alone in the field. Youth react very quickly to any happening; either good or bad. With proper respect induction which comes with football training, it is

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Occupy Wall Street Movement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Occupy Wall Street Movement - Research Paper Example The movement, which initially took off as a local one, went on to expand exponentially across hundreds of cities in the US, inciting equally vigorous movements around the world. The reason for such a rapid growth of the movement stems from the accumulated grievance of the people all over the world at economic and social inequalities. The movement is meaningfully significative and distinctive, as it was purely started by people who denounced corrupted multinational corporations and the exploitative rich. It has spread to more than 100 cities in the US and 1500 cities all over the world ("From Tahrir Square to Times Square"). It is believed that the movement took its inspiration from the Arab Spring and European uprisings, and all it took was a challenge from the magazine, Adbusters, to bring this movement to fruition (Gelder 1). The gap between the rich and the poor has been increasingly widening as greedy companies and corporates, who are solely interested in their self-interests, ig nore the consequences of their actions that affect 99% of the people, resulting in economic inequalities (Feller & Stone 1). The Occupy Wall Street movement aimed to lash out against the rich 1% of the society, which includes banks on Wall Street, big corporations, etc. who not only claim and amass wealth at the expense of the remaining 99%, but also have "their way with our governments" (Gelder 1). According to protesters, this 1% was bailed out by tax from people during the great recession, and it is now celebrating its superiority at the expense of the rest of the people by giving out enormous amounts of bonuses to executives (Gittins). According to protesters of the OWS movement, rich corporations take advantage of students who are under the burden of student loans, and also constrict the job market by outsourcing labor (occupywallst.org). Figure 1: A young protester at the Occupy Texas State protest (occupytxstate.org) The OWS movement brought the people's attention to societal and economic inequalities deeply rooted in the society. As part of their demands to decrease these inequalities, the people command equal educational opportunities for the masses. They assert that economic inequalities are related to educational inequalities and that by providing equal educational opportunities and eliminating the self-interests of corporations and for-profit organizations from the educational system, this endeavor would be possible. This raises the question whether such claims are justified. Is economic inequality connected to educational inequality, and has the educational system really suffered at the hands of big corporations and profit oriented individuals and organizations? In an attempt to answer these questions, the present paper asserts that the demands of the OWS movement for equal educational opportunities are absolutely justified. It is true that the educational system has suffered at the hands of big corporations and profit-oriented individuals and org anizations, and that equal educational opportunities are vital for ensuring economic equality in society. According to Goldstein and Chesky, educational improvement is "an economic imperative". This is because when a nation does not work towards the improvement of its educational system, development of its teachers, and improvement of students achievements in national and international tests, it goes into a "downward economic spiral", both at national and international levels (Goldstein and Chesky 1). Educational progress translates into economic progress of a nation. The OWS movement aims to achieve economic stability and equality, and for this, it demands reforms in the educational s

Friday, July 26, 2019

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS REQUIRES AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FROM MANAGEMENT Essay

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS REQUIRES AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FROM MANAGEMENT - Essay Example Guidelines are drawn to assist the employee understanding of the goal and objectives set by the management, more so, information is given to help the employees while taking corrective action and they are further given advise on how to go about bargaining their terms of employments, legislation and regulation. Employees relations is some times confused or used as a synonym for industrial relation since it deal with the relationship of workers and management and the conduct of workers in the in work place. To understand the employee relations, one must start by understanding the legal frame work in the work place, and then consider the social psychological influence aspect part of the employee in terms of trust, communication and commitment. In deep understanding of the employee relations, it's important to consider factors that influence the employer employee relationship Globalization is one of the factors affecting the employee relations, otherwise known as the industrial relations. Strategic management is important because changes in employee relations has resulted to increased bargaining power of the employees, flexibility in working time as well as changing job functions and this has occurred due to the increase in competition, product processes changes due to consumer awareness combined with the increasing essence in quality, productivity and skills. An integration of all these factors has had impact on the practices and policies of the management. While managing change in the firm, the employee involvement in making sure the change is effected is very important while the management has to ensure that the skills processed by the employees are compatible with those required in the market to meet the customer needs. The results of globalization are that:- Countries have become more interdependent economically than before due to the breakdown of barriers of trade hence they cannot become self reliant. Governments have been unable to control information, technology and capital flow across the boundaries. Markets are now not regulated allowing the goods, services and capital to integrate like the European Union Companies are becoming global entities which are forming the global webs due to de-nationalization of firms The firms have discovered the importance of remaining competitive in the market b y producing high quality services and goods A strategic human resource management is essential in making sure the objectives of production of high quality products, ability to counter fast to the dynamics of the market and continuous innovation are attained, and this can only be achieved through employee training, involvement and intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, this making the employee relations to be of paramount importance in management. In many firms which include the general motors, the employee relations are taken to consist of five values which have enabled the management to succeed in achieving its objectives, these are: How the works are organize Acquisition skills and development of employees Compensation and pay processes and structures Security arrangements on employment and staffing Labor management issues With the increased importance of the employee relations, the human resources is has shifted it focus to quality, innovation and reduction of the cost. The importance of human resource management (HRM) is reflected in the personnel management in the firms. Employee

Franchising--Just Dogs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Franchising--Just Dogs - Research Paper Example In the following report I have analysed the feasibility of marketing operations of opening a franchise of â€Å"Just Dogs† Gourmets Company in Washington, USA. I have analysed that the strategy of franchising will work if only the company works affectively on its promotion schemes and position strategies. The franchise will have to carry the same value proposition as laid down by the parent company and streamline its operations with it. In this way, the franchise will be able to gain innumerable benefits of the franchising strategy. SITUATION ANALYSIS Just Dogs! Gourmet is a dog food manufacturing company that specializes in all natural Dog treats and sells them through Bakeries throughout the United States. Handmade Dog delights and gourmet treats are the specialities of Just Dogs! Gourmet Company. As far as the franchising strategy and success of the company is concerned, it is counted among the Companies with the fastest growing franchises throughout the world. The company focus on providing the best Dog treats to the customers to ensure that every Dog in the target market is satisfied. Dog accessories are also some counted as the major products of the company. The company provides a lot of incentive for the franchisees in order to extend its business on the geographical landscape (Help, 2012). IT is also worth considering that the US pet food industry is growing at a very fast pace and only in 2009; the US people spent 12.6 billion dollars on the pets industry. This means that from an investors point of view, investing in a Dog food company for franchising is a very feasible job. Hence we have chosen the â€Å"Just Dogs!† Gourmet Company to analyse the prospects of franchising (Barnes, 2005). REASONS FOR CHOOSING JUST DOGS FRANCHISE OFFER: There are, in all 100000 dog food manufacturers in the United States and out of these only few offer appropriate franchising opportunities for business initiatives. Of these few people, we have chosen Just D ogs! Gourmet Company, because of the following reasons: The total investment that would be needed in establishing franchises $750000 to $150000. This counts a lot if the long term investment is considered. The franchising fee is only $25000 and the ongoing Royalty fee is 4%. The terms of Franchise agreement is 10 years which is enough to show the feasibility of a long term business solution considering the reputation of the company in the market (United States, 2011). Other than that, the company provides regular training facilities to the franchisee staff at its head quarters as well at the franchise vicinity. The company also offers a range of services to the employees at the franchise through toll free phones, Newsletters, meetings, guiding missions. The company also offers a strong marketing support to the franchises to ensure sales to full potential. Considering all these facts in mind we can easily conclude that the franchising offer of the company is a great business initiati ve opportunity. MARKET ANALYSIS We have chosen to open a franchise of Just Dogs! Gourmet in Washington, primarily because Washington seems to be a promising market for the business. According to reports, the total population of Washington is 6830038 while the number of housing units in the city is 2882677. According to reports, 65% of the households own dogs. This shows that the 1873740 houses can be the complete target market in the city. This figure is obviously optimistic and shows great prospects to the business. The

Thursday, July 25, 2019

LITERTURE REVIEW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

LITERTURE REVIEW - Essay Example Of all the industries, sectors that require professionals to continuously interact with non-professionals need effective communicators. Industries like hospitality, media, medical, legal and other service sectors need people not only with strong professional backgrounds, but also excellent communication skills. Nursing is a profession where nurses are required to not only assist the doctor in his work, but also ally the fears and apprehensions of the patient and his relatives. Nurses in hospitals become the primary care-givers and spend considerable time with the patients. They would very frequently find themselves in a position where they are the bridge between the specialist doctor and the patient. Thus, their role extends to that of an effective communicator. Various researchers have highlighted the importance of effective communication by nurses in their works. "Effective communication is a fundamental element of nursing care that is integral to the provision of quality patient care." (Ravert et al. 1997, Wilkinson et al. 1999, Bowles et al. cited in McGilton, 2005). By going through the literature available in various nursing journals, it would be easy to narrow down to the topic of my dissertation. Although a lot of research has been done in the field of effective communication as an integral part of the nursing profession, there are many grey areas even today. A lot needs to be done to achieve cent percent efficiency in the field. Surveys, trainings, evaluations, further research would provide a means to fill the lacunae in this field. Process of Literature Search The literature search was carried out through online medical/nursing journals .These have given a wide and varied range of literature on the subject. This literature review has used the results of studies and experiments carried out across the globe. The literature review includes research papers from Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Canada; University of Alberta, Canada; Griffith University, Australia; Communication Disability Center, University of Queensland, Australia; and The Martlets Hospice, Hove, UK. These papers were downloaded from such vastly spread out sources so that there would be very little scope for bias and the review would be a well-balanced one. Under the keyword "effective communication", the review includes topics ranging from complex continuing care facility, palliative nursing, factors that influence communication between people with communication disability and their healthcare providers in hospitals, effective communication as a core competency for collabora tive practice among nurses to effective parent-nurse communication. These articles have been published over a period of nine years from 2001 to 2009.Thus, they include the latest research in the field of effective communication between nurses and patients and ways and means of achieving it. Also, these articles are themselves very well-researched and offer excellent secondary sources of reference. Findings The research studies definitely show that there is a lot of scope for further research and recommendations in the field of effective communication among nurses. The studies covered parent-nurse interactions and patient-nurse interactions under various circumstances and illnesses. The first paper

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

St. augustine rejected the theories of manicheanism.research this Essay

St. augustine rejected the theories of manicheanism.research this gnostic religion in more detail.what does it teachHow is it diiffernt than Christianity and w - Essay Example The fortuitous discovery of Manichean manuscripts in Turfan in the beginning of the twentieth century has thrown light on the history of the religion and its’ founder. Mani was born in Mardinu, a village in Babylon, in 215 – 216 A.D. to Fatak Babak and Marmajam, of noble Iranian lineage. Mani was a honorific and his true name does not survive, although it is postulated to be Shuraik. At twelve, Mani apparently had a revelation, in which the angel, ‘At Taum’ or ‘the Twin,’ urged him to embrace chastity, and later, to spread the doctrine of his new religion to others. On March 20, 242 A.D. when Sapor 1 was crowned King of Babylon, Mani proclaimed the birth of his new religion to the public: â€Å"As once Buddha came to India, Zoroaster to Persia and Jesus to the lands of the West, so came in the present time, this prophecy through me, the Mani, to the land of Babylonia† (Arendzen, The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies Web site). Maniâ€⠄¢s teachings found little acceptance in Babylon, until he gained access to the royal court. Later, he was exiled and spread his message to foreign lands, as afar as India and China. He was reinstated in court by Ormzud in 274. However, the machinations of the Zoroasterian priests led to King Bahram ordering him to be tortured and killed in 276 - 277. His corpse was publicly flayed, stuffed and crucified as a deterrent to other followers of this ‘heretical religion.’ The teachings of Manicheanism centered on the distinct dualism of mind and matter, of light and darkness, of good and evil. Salvation can be attained by liberating light from the engulfing darkness. Mani used an effective combination of myth, preaching and reasoning to spread his new religion. At the origin of the universe, the eternal Paradise of Light extended limitlessly towards the North, West and East, presided over by the Father of Greatness and

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

The Impact of Maternal Iron Deficiency and IDA on Childhood Essay

The Impact of Maternal Iron Deficiency and IDA on Childhood - Essay Example This leads to the complication during pregnancy and may trigger post-pregnancy complications to the mother and child. In a bid to determine the impact of maternal iron deficiency and IDA on childhood, an extensive literature review was conducted. The review identified sources that exhibited relevance to the research question and that were recent. After analysis of the sources, which were both primary and secondary sources, the findings were compiled and have been presented in the discussion. From this literature review, it emerges that children and women are the risk groups likely to develop anaemia. Iron deficiency has been described as the leading nutritional condition in the globe. Moreover, 52% of expectant mothers do not meet the recommended iron level. Deficiency of iron in expectant mothers presents several symptoms such as fatigue, paleness, faint feeling, sour mouth and tinnitus. The causes of iron deficiency will be described in depth in this paper. In pregnant women, lack of sufficient weight gain may present a higher risk to the development of iron deficiency. Iron deficiency has adverse effects on both the mother and the unborn baby. In some cases, effect on the unborn babies my progress to early childhood. Prop er diet and iron supplementation are some of the leading interventions. The World Health Organization (1) states that anaemia is a haemoglobin level of less than 13 g/dL for males 15 years and above, less than 12 g/dL in non-expectant women 15 years and above, and less than 11 g/dL in women who have conceived. The criteria used to diagnose anaemia are not standardised. Moreover, there is a lack of clarity as to the differentiation between functional iron deficiency and absolute iron deficiency (2). Additionally, what is defined as the standard range for haemoglobin also differs within a given population.

Monday, July 22, 2019

Solvency ratio indicates Essay Example for Free

Solvency ratio indicates Essay The solvency The solvency ratio indicates whether a company’s cash flow is sufficient to meet its short-term and long-term liabilities. The lower a companys solvency ratio, the greater the probability that it will default on its debt obligations. Current ratio The ratio is mainly used to give an idea of the companys ability to pay back its short-term liabilities (debt and payables) with its short-term assets (cash, inventory, receivables). The higher the current ratio, the more capable the company is of paying its obligations. A ratio under 1 suggests that the company would be unable to pay off its obligations if they came due at that point. While this shows the company is not in good financial health, it does not necessarily mean that it will go bankrupt as there are many ways to access financing but it is definitely not a good sign. Current ratios for Sports UK For year 2012 For year 2011 Acid test ratio A stringent indicator that determines whether a firm has enough short-term assets to cover its immediate liabilities without selling inventory. The acid-test ratio is far more strenuous than the working capital ratio, primarily because the working capital ratio allows for the inclusion of inventory assets. Acid test ratio for Sports UK For year 2012 For year 2011 Performance ratio Calculates a measure of a specific aspect of performance, which might involve things which you can attach a number to, or an indicator that something did or did not happen in the requited way. Ratios are very good way to measure them using only a financial record. This record bellows shows performance of sports UK. 2011 Stock turn over= 72215 = 3.05 times 23611 2012 Stock turn over= 23611 x 365 = 119.3 days 72215 2011 debt collection period = 9024 x 365 = 962 days 34212 2012 debt collection period = 9098 x 365 = 904 days 36696 2012 asset turnover= 153487 = 0.64 237028 2011 asset turnover= 159921 = 0.73 219013 Profitability ratios Measures that indicate how well a firm is performing in terms of its ability to generate profit. Those ratios measure financial metrics that are used to assess a businesss ability to generate earnings as compared to its expenses and other relevant costs incurred during a specific period of time. For most of these ratios, having a higher value relative to a competitors ratio or the same ratio from a previous period is indicative that the company is doing well. Profitability ratios of Sports UK for 2011 Gross profit margin =81272 x 100 =52.95 153487 Net profit percentage = 6741 x 100 = 43.9 153487 ROC E= 10753 x 100 = 21.9 49097 Profitability ratios of Sports UK for 2012 Gross profit margin =83199 x 100 =52.02 159921 Net profit percentage = 6742 x 100 = 39.0 159921 ROC E= 10310 x 100 = 20.9 49227

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Pros And Cons Of Offshore Outsourcing Commerce Essay

Pros And Cons Of Offshore Outsourcing Commerce Essay In the new era offshore outsourcing has emerged as a very important and extensively adapted business strategy. Organisations across the globe consider outsourcing as a pathway to avail benefits of cost and effective resources of the country to which work is outsourced. Many organisation s in western markets offshore outsource their activities extensively to emerging market countries where there are location, cost and resource advantages to gain a competitive edge in the global market. The distinctive feature of offshore outsourcing is to provide uninterrupted service in order to meet the different time zones and gain customer satisfaction. Off shoring refers to the relocation of outsourced activities across countries. In the process of outsourcing, initially a particular activity is generalized across firms, then the shift of the location of the vendor can cause off shoring. Chandrasekhar Ghosh, 2006, p.92 The main reason for any organisation to offshore outsource their activities is to gain extended benefits and increase net profits. It is also adapted to achieve various cost, product, and differentiation advantages. It is a known fact that companies outsource various activities depending upon the country in which it is good at and this comes from the educational system and standards followed by that country. India, for example is most preferred destinations for the service and IT industries owing to the advantages like cheap labour, effective skills, language consistency and courtesy. Outsourcing is successful and effective cost saving strategy when applied in a legitimate way. For any buy decision, taken by the companies in west the most attractive solution would be to offshore outsource to destinations across the globe. WESTERN COMPANIES ADVANTAGES:- The major advantages for western companies by offshore outsourcing their activities would be tax benefits, cheap labour and increased productivity. It enables the firm to lower supply cost by relocating production to countries where inputs and labour costs are lower. Thomson, the French consumer electronics group, transferred the production of some of its video cassette models from Germany to Singapore to take the advantage of the latters lower cost base. Outsourcing services to India is continuously rising because of its various advantages like advanced technology, cheap talented labour, infrastructure and other facilities. Western companies will improve their brand name by customer satisfaction and substantial profits by offshore outsourcing. Microsoft, software giant in USA offshore outsource their customer service and technical support activities to destinations such as India which has no language barriers, good quality infrastructure, stable government policies, supporting labour laws and other favourable factors. The market for home country products is extended; for example: IT firms in India working for US companies will buy US computers and related equipment. 40% of the fortune 500 companies are strongly interested in the software outsourcing model because the average cost savings by adopting this is in the range of 40% to 70%. The companies can escape from various laws and restrictions imposed by the home country and hence reduce production costs by outsourcing production channels. It is adapted by majority of the car manufacturing companies. Ford Motors, USA based car manufacturing company has shifted 70% of their production units to Mexico owing to stringent environmental and emission laws imposed by USA. Free trade across European Union has also favoured many motor companies to shift their production units to Eastern European countries to exploit cheap labour and resources. DISADVANTAGES:- The direct relationship between employees and companies are lost due to distance and communication gap. Risk in transferring technology and know-how, this can be copied by its market competitors in the host country. The company faces a potential threat from the employees and competitors as their technical information can be leaked anywhere and spreads like a rapid fire. This has a direct impact on the companys brand name and sales. Dell for example, is basically a US based company but its activities such as manufacturing, customer and technical support are outsourced on a global scale. Many competitors took advantage of unmotivated employees, gained access to technical information and manufactured similar kind of products with same features and services. The same is the case with Chinese firms. It is a common sight to find any duplicate of consumer goods of western brands appearing to be exactly same for 80% cheaper price in the Shanghai local black market. Offshore outsourcing carries the risk of lower quality products and lower standards because of lack of training and effective controls by home company. EMERGING MARKET COMPANIES ADVANTAGES:- People always look forward for something new every day! Emerging market companies can grow and create new brand name by satisfying this similar need of flock across different markets in the world. For example, Hyundai motor company is in the process of growing into brand appreciation by its customer as it is determined to achieve the goal of making better quality product. It also builds its image as a top global automobile company by handling every task transparency from the perspective of business ethics. Foreign direct investment plays an important role by focusing on emerging economies than developed economies. By increase in inflow of FDI by the global company into emerging market the revenue and sales increases thus increase in standard of living. By establishment of Microsoft, IBM and Oracle in metropolitan cities of India, it has enormously resulted in increase in income and spending capacity of people. Technology and skills are transferred from western companies to the emerging market. This creates waves and builds up competitive spirit in emerging companies thus improved productivity by the emerging market companies is achieved. DISADVANTAGES:- Small and medium companies in emerging markets suffer from low revenues and profit margins by presence of highly competitive brands. By establishment of several clothing western brands in India, several yarn farmers to the cloth sellers in the supply chain have shut their doors for business. It is observed that some companies which emerged has not succeeded due to lack of co-ordination and good relationship with their service provider. WORKFORCE OF WESTERN COUNTRIES ADVANTAGES:- Workforce in western countries builds group and individual learning techniques to promote self awareness and professional development. Employees are trained with World class design and delivery designs and finally from their experience they are improved in learning intervention. Employees are motivated by providing benefits and incentives for a better performance of the company. McDonalds, for example provides potential benefits to its employees and thus retains its employees to work better for more benefits. Highly talented and multi skilled employees are given more benefits like increase in salary and bonus facility. The first preference is given to employees who work inside the home other than outside the country. The companies who initially invested in fringe countries of south-east Asia such as Taiwan, Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia are now investing in China due to their highly technical and knowledge skilled labour. DISADVANTAGES:- Decline in operation and manufacturing process in home country, which leads to loss of jobs and thus create unemployment in ones own country. Inefficiency shown in the progress of work and lack of knowledge for which employees expect training for each and every task, thus increases the expenses. Dell computers returned its business help desk from India to North America because of an increase in complaints from its customers about Indian employees as they were lacking in solving complex computer problems. The workforce of western companies faces a tough competition on a global scale. They are less motivated because of job insecurity and pay cuts. WORKFORCE OF EMERGING MARKET COMPANIES ADVANTAGES:- Employees desire to work in such emerging companies as their payrolls will be high when compared to local companies. These are large companies in which employees professional life grow faster with attractive salary package. If one wants to visit the world and have the capabilities to communicate with different kind of people they have an opportunity to work in such field and thus changes their lifestyle. TESCO, for example a U.K. based company which outsources all its payroll, service and supply chain control operations to India. Employees who work offshore for this company are given an opportunity to switch their jobs if promoted to a higher level and get a chance to work in U.K. This is regarded as a dream come true for any typical middle class Indian employee. It creates motivation and lifts the spirits of workforce, hence job satisfaction is achieved. DISADVANTAGES:- Expatriate assignments can be very expensive, maintenance cost of expatriates in a host country range from three to ten times the cost of domestic employees with similar responsibilities. Sometimes employees are not motivated properly which results in failure to achieve the assignment goals and thus reported at disturbing levels. Employees are made to work overtime and not paid properly. The employees of the western market dependant companies are seriously affected if there is any financial crisis or economy imbalance in that country. For example, Indian software employees are directly hit by the recession in the USA or UK. If there is no business for the firm the dependant workforces in the outsourced countries suffer from losing out their jobs.

The Four Main Purposes Of Communication English Language Essay

The Four Main Purposes Of Communication English Language Essay Communication has been defined as the transfer of information and understanding from one person to another through the use of common symbols. Communication can flow upward, downward, and laterally, that is, from subordinates to superiors, from superiors to subordinates and from peer to peer. Most people want to be understood; they want to understand others; and they want to gain acceptance of their ideas. Rarely would a person deliberately not want to be understood; but even so, misunderstandings, incorrect communications, and failure to communicate can create confusion on a regular basis. Good communication is crucial to the success of both the individual and the organization. It doesnt matter how good a worker you are or how much you understand about the business if you cannot communicate properly. Objective 1. List the four main purposes of communication. We want to be understood; we want to understand others; we want to gain acceptance for ourselves and our ideas; and finally, we want to produce action. What does the phrase: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦as soon as you can get to it mean? Does it mean right now or as soon as you finish what you are doing right now or what? If your meaning and the other persons meaning are not the same, you may have the makings of a communications breakdown. Everything we say has at least three messages: What we meant, what we said, what the other person understood. Unfortunately, these three are not always congruent. An accountant made a mistake and he apologized thusly: I read 4, wrote 5, meant 6, and it should have been 7. Objective 2. Describe the six-step communication model and elaborate on each of its points. There are many different models of communication and each has its particular value. The model you have on page 66 of DuBrins book (10th edition) is a good one, but I would like to use another model because it has several things that are really valuable as we look at communication. We will refer back to DuBrins model a little later on. The model I want to present to you has six steps: ideation, encoding, transmission, receiving, decoding, and action. Notice in the comic strip that communications must start with a concept, that is, an idea, thus the term ideation. This first step takes perhaps a fraction of a second; and we can almost ideate and speak at the same time. Ideation requires imagination and experience because the more of each you have, the easier it is to ideate a message. The second step is encoding. This step requires putting the idea into some type of intelligible form so it can be transmitted. Writing a letter, framing a statement in your mind, determining (or even not determining) to communicate non-verbally-all these represent encoding. Consider the importance of education to encoding. Transmission is the third step; and it is the most visible and recognizable aspect of communication. Speaking, writing, and even non-verbal communication are examples of this step. The fourth step is receiving; and it is done by reading the letter, hearing the words, or sensing the non-verbal communication. Decoding, the fifth step, is the counterpart of encoding except that it is done by the receiver. Decoding requires taking intelligence from the message as it is received. This step is responsible for the majority of communications problems. The sixth step is action; if a message is received, then action of one sort or another must follow. Bear in mind that taking no action is one way of acting. M2.1 will help you understand this concept. Objective 3. Identify the different ways of communicating and list their advantages and disadvantages. Lets take the following means of communicating and discuss their advantages, disadvantages, and perhaps some suggestions for improving the communication in each medium. If you have additional contributions, we can discuss those as well. Telephone Written (memo, letter, instructions) Telephone (including voice mail) E-mail Face-to-face Objective 4. Explain the importance of non-verbal communication. Just as regular communication can take a variety of forms, so can non-verbal communication. We can identify several different kinds of non-verbal communication and each one may have some sub-categories. Here are some of the more common types of non-verbal communication: A local radio personality in Tyler, Texas, was hawking a used car lot and his statement was: I bought my last car from them. The obvious interpretation is that the last car he bought was from that dealer. What if he had put increasing emphasis on the last three words? Then it would sound like he would never buy another car from them. There are two main types of non-verbal communication: paralanguage and kinesics. Paralanguage is like language, that is, it communicates something, but not in words. It includes emphasis, vocalization, and pauses (or silence). You already know how adding emphasis to a statement (or parts of a statement) can add urgency to the message or even change the meaning. For example, if someone says, What do you think about it? he is speaking emphatically to you. Vocalization is an audible (or sometimes inaudible) component of a statement that carries meaning. For example, a laugh, a groan, or even clearing the throat can qualify as a vocalization if it carries meaning. A well placed pause can add a great deal to the message, such as when someone says, Im not saying he is dishonest, he is just (pause) creative in his dealings. Can you see the meaning the pause adds? Sometimes a question or a comment can be met with steely silence indicating displeasure with the message: Dad, can I go over to Joes house and smoke some marijuana? Kinesics includes deliberate gestures and other movements which might not be deliberate, such as stroking the chin, slumping, facial expressions, eye movement or body language. Please note that laughing, sighing, pausing, stroking the chin, or eye movement may be nothing other than what it seems. In order to be classified as non-verbal communication, the action must be a communication whether deliberate or non-deliberate. Some gestures might be perfectly acceptable in one culture and highly offensive in another. A television mini-series in 1986 entitled, On Wings of Eagles showed the daring rescue of some EDS executives held hostages in Iran. The man responsible for getting them out of Teheran told them, We need to get a ride, but do not stick out your thumb because that is an insulting gesture. The V sign can mean victory (as from Winston Churchill; it can mean peace, as with the 1960s peaceniks; or it can also be an insulting gesture in some European countries. Shifty-eyed is a label we would put on some gangster or someone not to be trusted. You can probably identify a number of other kinesics examples that add meaning or contradict meaning. Proxemics is communicating by space. Middle Eastern people prefer to get very close while communicating, but most westerners prefer a certain distance between themselves and the fellow communicator. Can you imagine what would happen if two people from these two cultures were trying to communicate and neither was aware of the proxemics preference of the other? Objective 5. Describe several ways you can improve your communications through using or not using non-verbal means. How Non-verbal Communication Helps How important is facial expression and eye contact in communication? You probably have heard the phrase, He can lie to you while he is looking you in the eye. It implies that the person is a skilled liar and that normally if a person is lying, he wont look you in the eye. Alternately, when someone says, I looked him in the eye and told him what I thought, that means he had the boldness to say what he really thought. Looking people in the eye is important because it conveys honesty and openness. Did you know that only 7% of your message is conveyed by words, while 38% is conveyed by your tone, and a whopping 55% is conveyed by body language. Did you know you cant turn your transmitter off? Even if you try not to communicate non-verbally, you are still communicating non-verbally. Read the document entitled, How to Understand Woman Talk. This is a set of hilarious definitions about how women communicate with men with paralanguage. You dont need to respond to this assignment; I just thought you would enjoy a good example of non-verbal communication. Recall our discussion of emotional intelligence in Module 1. The same general principle applies to improving communication by being aware of our non-verbal communication. If you are aware of what messages you might be sending, you can correct, delete, strengthen, or alter the message to suit your needs. I have been challenged in a meeting by a colleague who said, I can see by his facial expression that Tommy does not agree with this, but if he will hear me out, he may understand how my ideas will work. By the same thinking, if you can read non-verbal communication, you might know when to push or when to back off. Skilled negotiators know this very well, and you can gain an advantage in knowing what the other person is saying in addition to his words. Objective 6. Describe various ways to improve communications with superiors, subordinates, and peers. There is a concept called 3-D communication which describes how you communicate up, down, and sideways, that is, to superiors, subordinates, and peers. Consider the difference: Many people speak with a different style and a different tone depending on whether the receiver is a superior, subordinate, or peer. It seems reasonable to speak with respect to your superiors, but consider what would happen if you used the same degree of respect when you are communicating with subordinates Some wise person has said that one of your jobs is to keep your bosss boss off your bosss back. That is true enough and it is good advice. Here is a valuable tip that can enhance your relationship to your boss when you take a problem to your boss: State the problem. Provide some options. Make a recommendation about which option you recommend. Ask for his suggestions. Look what this process does: It shows respect for the boss by keeping him informed about the situation. It brags on you because it shows you have done your homework and you are not just being a whiny baby complaining to the boss. It shows your insight regarding a possible solution and your assertiveness in recommending it. At the same time, it shows respect for the boss by acknowledging the possibility that he might have a better idea or preference. Avoid Sarcasm Don Rickles has made a fortune by being sarcastic, but aside from him, no one benefits from sarcasm. Sarcasm is designed to hurt the other person. It serves no useful purpose, but it does inhibit communication by straining relationships unnecessarily. I cannot overemphasize the importance of respect and courtesy in communicating with others Objective 7. Describe the importance of feedback and how to cultivate it. DuBrin (10th edition, page 66) defines feedback as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the message sent back from the receiver to the sender. That is a good, workable definition, but it is also limited. Certainly the idea of feedback implies sending something back, but you can get feedback on the quality of your work or someones idea of a new procedure. Even though different definitions exist about feedback, its importance cannot be denied. How do you give and receive feedback? Ask for it. This assumes that you have a relationship with the people from whom you are requesting feedback that they feel. Provide for it and be sensitive to it. Sometimes feedback is subtle; an employee might not be as friendly and as open as normal and you may suspect that some feedback is lurking in there somewhere so you may have to go back to #1. React honestly but diplomatically. Thats the dumbest thing I ever heard, will probably not get you the Supervisor of the Year Award. Listen to the feedback. It may be dumb, but you should not allow the employee to know you think that. Express appreciation and act on it. This does not mean that you must satisfy the employees desire, but it does mean you must do something and let the employee know. If you cant do anything, then also let the employee know that as well. Objective 8. Explain the term grapevine and distinguish it from rumor. The grapevine is an informal communications network. As a manager, you should not try to kill the it because you cant; and besides, it provides a good release of tension. Good or bad, grapevine is most active when formal communications are not forthcoming. You have probably experienced the grapevine via your e-mail. A large number of interesting things are spread indiscriminately that may have some truth, but to a large extent are not nearly as wonderful or as catastrophic as they first appear. I saw one recently about a giant oil and gas reserve in western North Dakota that was supposed to solve our energy need for the next 40 years, but the environmentalists have blocked its development. It turns out there is a oil reserve there, but it is not nearly as expansive as the grapevine had it. It wasnt a trillion barrels; it is more like 3-4 billion barrels and that amount would curtail imports for about one year./p> Rumor is different from the grapevine. Rumor is unsubstantiated hearsay and it does get put on the grapevine. Rumor has several characteristics: It is usually interesting Its source not identifiable and it is unverifiable It is somewhat ambiguous It usually has an element of truth What to do about rumor? Dont pass it along. Check it out. Provide honest and open communication. http://www.analytictech.com/mb119/grapevine-article.htm Susan Heathfield is a management consultant with strong credentials in corporate communications. She offers the following recommendations about rumor and gossip: Expect a certain amount of gossip; people want to know what is going on in their workplace, and they like to discuss work issues. The key is to know when the gossip is out-of-hand. You need to act if the gossip is: disrupting the work place and the business of work, hurting employees feelings, damaging interpersonal relationships, or injuring employee motivation and morale. If rumors and gossip seem to be rampant, you might want to look at them to see if there are recurring themes. It may be that you are not sharing enough information with them, or perhaps they dont trust you and are afraid to ask about important topics. Objective 9. Explain why listening is such a significant problem. Hearing is a physiological process involving sound transmission, nerves, the ears, and the smallest bones in the body: the ossicles, comprised of the malleus (the hammer), the incus (the anvil), and the stapes (the stirrup). Listening is a psychological process which requires focus as well as understanding, processing, and evaluation. Listening is work and many times we hear things, but we dont listen to them. You have heard the phrase, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦in one ear and out the other? That is an example of hearing but not listening. Most people think they are good listeners, but a study has shown that a 10% listening effectiveness rate is not rare at all; 25% is common; and anyone who thinks he listens at a 60% effectiveness rate is fooling himself. Listening is the first thing children learn but it is the last thing taught, if at all. We emphasize reading and speaking in our schools, but listening skills traditionally have not been taught at all. That is changing somewhat because people are beginning to realize the importance of good listening skills. Have you ever met someone and five minutes later you couldnt remember his name? Sounds like a memory problem, doesnt it? It is not a memory problem, it is a listening problem. You were so intent on presenting a pleasing personality and putting the best foot forward that you didnt have any room left for listening. Actually, you do have the room, but you have to give it some concentration and focus on listening to the persons name. Discuss situations in which listening was not done properly and situations in which good listening skills paid off and report the best examples. Poor listening skills is one of the biggest problems in business and industry today. Poor listening causes low productivity, low morale, broken relationships with peers, subordinates, and bosses. Most of us listen at about a 25% level of effectiveness. Thats not very good. Even when we really try, the best we can do is about 60%. Listening is one of the most important things that any of us-workers, parents, bosses, whatever-can do to improve relationships and to get the job done. Do you like people? Other than a few soreheads, most of us would say yes. If you like people, then you need to like to listen. Even though you may be rushed, even though you think you may not have time to listen, listening is absolutely vital to getting the job done and maintaining relationships with your co-workers. Listening problems include the following: Listening is work and most of us are somewhat lazy. If you dont work at listening, you will not listen well. Having said that, you cannot work too hard or you will be concentrating so hard on listening that you will not listen well. Listening implies passivity and compliance to many people and they want to be in control. Sometimes our listening consists of grudgingly remaining silent until we get our turn to speak. Emotions get in the way of listening. When someone says something that pushes our hot button, we can become so charged up that we dont listen. Objective 10. Explain the process of active listening. You may have heard the term active listening which is the same thing as reflective listening. This concept is a listening tool and a human relations tool. Reflective listening is based on the idea that if people keep talking, sooner or later they will see the solution to their own problems. In addition to that, it helps both speaker and listener to be sure that what was spoken was the same as what was heard. The process works by the listener (the supervisor, perhaps?) listening carefully, then paraphrasing back to the speaker what he heard, or in some cases just asking for more information or clarification. Heres how it works: a team leader complains to the supervisor about his teams failure to follow through on their assignments. That bunch of dipsticks; they never do anything right. Sounds like youre pretty upset with them. You bet I am. I cant get them to follow instructions. What Im hearing is that they wont do what you tell them, is that right? Sometimes using reflective listening makes the speaker compare the reflection with what he said. That may require the speaker to revise his statement to more accurately reflect what he meant. Here are some typical reflective listening phrases: What Im hearing you say isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It sounds like you thinkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ So youre just wondering ifà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ You sound really disappointed. Reflective listening should not be used to diagnose the problem or to offer solutions. Additionally the listener should not make interpretations as to what he thinks the speaker is saying. The only thing the listener should do is offer a paraphrase of what the speaker is saying. Objective 11. Describe the keys to effective listening. Find areas of interest. You should make a decision when you are listening to someone. Either that person has something to say that you need to know or perhaps you should leave if you can do it diplomatically. Judge content not delivery. Sometimes people are not as articulate or as organized in their communications as they should be. It might be important to overlook the delivery shortcomings and focus on the message being sent. Hold your fire. People can really set you off by pushing your hot buttons. As a disciplined listener, you can deliberately choose not to get angry and just continue to listen. That does not make you a doormat because you can deal with the issues in an assertive, yet tactful way when it comes your turn to speak. Listen for ideas, not just information. Could the words be hiding something important? Later we will discuss the hidden agenda; and how you can deal with it. Work at listening. As we discussed earlier, listening is work and we need to know how much work to put into the job of listening. Remember that listening is faster than speech. Most people speak at about 150 words per minute (WPM). You can easily listen to speech at 450 WPM or even more with no loss in comprehension. That leaves a time differential that allows you to daydream and perhaps lose the train of thought or you can use the extra time to compare what the other person is saying to what you know, identify advantages and disadvantages, and identify the big picture and the supporting facts. Share your experiences on listening in M2.2. Objective 12. Describe why the concept of the hidden agenda is so important in communication. A hidden agenda is a matter which a person cannot or will not bring up, but which is causes him to do certain things or not do certain things. Examples of hidden agenda President Bush has been accused of having a hidden agenda with respect to the Iraq war. His critics say the real agenda was his desire to invade Iraq and get rid of Saddam Hussein; or for some, the real agenda was to seize Iraqs oil assets for the United States. The agenda he presented to the world was the imminent threat of Saddams weapons of mass destruction. Con artists are masters of hidden agenda; they gain your confidence and try to convince you that they are your friend, that they want to help you, but the real agenda is to steal your money. During the Viet Nam War, a leader in the anti-war movement said, If the Viet Nam War did not exist, we would have had to invent it. The hidden agenda here is, We must have something to protest or we dont exist. How should you handle a hidden agenda? First, you have to suspect it is there. If there is evidence that what the person is telling you is not what they really want to tell you, you can reflect back what they are saying.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

What America Means To Me Essay -- essays research papers

America is a wonderful place to live, because we are free. Freedom is important, and many people in other countries do not have much freedom. I am glad I have a place like this to grow up in; where I know that I can be equal with other races and other genders. Also, I am glad I have a place like this that will respect me and I know it will be a great place to have my children grow up in. Some of our ancestors did not have the privileges we have now because they grew up in other countries, that controlled their religion, who they married, and almost everything else in their lives. That may be one of the reasons they moved to America in the first place. I am very grateful for our country, and all of the privileges I have growing up here. In many countries, I wouldn’t be able to get the ed...

Friday, July 19, 2019

Don Quxiote :: essays research papers

Don Quixote: Renaissance humor with a modern translation A Spanish knight, about fifty years of age, gave himself up so entirely to reading the romances of chivalry, that in the end they turned his brain, and nothing would satisfy him but that he must ride abroad on his old horse, armed with spear and helmet, a knight-errant, to encounter all adventures, and to redress the innumerable wrongs of the world. As is the case in this epic tale by Cervantes, modern man is not immune to prolonged sustained suggestion. All irony criticizes the imperfect ideas and theories of mankind, not by substituting for them other ideas and other theories, less imperfect, but by placing the facts of life, in mute comment, alongside of the theories. To be put in a more tangible sense, after addressing a subject matter over a sustained period of time one is apt to view them selves in the same light as the character of which they are enamored by. It plagues the news as high school children take arms and seek vengeance inside schools today. As the Scapegoat they place the blame on television, violent movies, and video games. Theorists and psychologists say that the harsh and abrasive nature of movies like the Matrix and Rambo are absorbed into the maturing mind of adolescence and are seen as fact. As is the case in Don Quixote where our chivalric hero takes arms after reading one to many romance novels. Every one sees the irony of Don Quixote, and enjoys it in its more obvious forms. This absurd old gentleman, who tries to put his antiquated ideas into action in a busy, selfish, prosy world, is a figure of fun even to the meanest intelligence. But, with more thought, there comes a check to our frivolity. Is it possible that the criticism is double-edged, and that what we are celebrating with our laughter is the failure of the world? But, Don Quixote, it may be objected, is mad.

Epic of Beowulf Essay - The Heroic Epic of Beowulf :: Epic Beowulf herobeo

The Heroic Epic of Beowulf In the course of time, many heroes have made their name and many stories have been written to proclaim their greatness. However, none as captivating as Beowulf. This Anglo-Saxon epic demonstrates it's power with beautiful language, usage of kennings, metaphors, similes, and alliteration. Also, it gives wondrous supernatural beings as in God, and even of powerful creatures as Grendel. On the other hand, it has human struggles and afflictions. The very first element that is discovered by reading this epic is the lofty language that is used. Although, having read only and excerpt, the writing is as glorious as the story itself. Alliteration usage and can easily recognized in line 33, "He found them sprawled in sleep, suspecting nothing..." which demonstrates the "s" sound. Another example of alliteration at work using the "p" sound is line 160, "From my prince, no permission from my people for your landing here." Metaphors provide a distinct characteristic as in line 30 describing terror as "darkness had dropped." Line 128 when sailing across the sea, describing the seas "beating" on the sand. There are few similes but one that stands out most in line 133. "The ship foamed through the sea like a bird..." Using like to describe the similarity of the bird and how the ship traveled across the sea. Probably the most important element of language are the kennings which describe something simple so indirectly. Line 241 describes darkness or night by stating how the moon hangs. Also line 325 describes Grendel in two different kennings as one form of evil. Every hero has their way of fighting evil or protecting from it. In order to fight a supernatural being, one must have a superhuman power which brings us to another characteristic of epic poetry. The very first supernatural being described is the almighty God in lines 7-3 in the beginning. God is definitely been a supernatural being because of his ability and powers that he possesses. He is mostly associated with the Earth's origin and it's inhibitors. Monsters are also form of supernatural being. In this epic Grendel provokes death and cannibalizes human without thought but also enjoying it.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

A Deserted Village

He stood there by the road after three long decades overlooking the land which he once called his evergreen village of Ago. Then, it was a haven of peace, now, only a hub for centralization and a fast moving life. A village which was once covered with a never ending evergreen canopy and vast stretches of lush green fields now stood there naked with a concrete Jungle of buildings and structures and barren fields. A tear rolled down Padres Bernadine old wrinkled scarred cheek seeing the fate of his village. He couldn't console of something so dear that he had lost.He started walking the winding road down the hill, towards his village, taking one agonizing step at a time. The padre could still vividly hear the shouts and cries of laughter of his childhood days that he spent with his friends playing and plucking fruits and all the adventurous exploits they enjoyed doing on this very hill and the assistant church bell chimes, reminding the village folk the time for prayer and the children as well, so as to be back home before the † angelus† or else get † Main's adaptation† ( grandma's shouting) or if worse † matcher Dimmit† ( kneeling on salt).The hill now deserted and the church bell not to be heard with all the hype and bizarre traffic noise. He stopped abruptly on his trail, not wanting to Journey further to the place which he dreaded the most now. Already maimed and not wanting to be more, he diverted and mapped his way onto the hillside, off the road to a special spot where he spent much of his quality time as a youth.It overlooked the entire village, the church, the fields, a perfect panoramic view that would soothe a tense mind and soul. He sat there by himself on a rock, which was a tablet on which were the faint inscriptions of the past, the names of his peers and his, now worn out over the years.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

The Halo Effect

Have you ever seen a CEO of a huge cooperation locomote in to a business get together in shorts and sneakers? Probably not. passim some industries of the world accepted excogitate rancidices come with a specific brass. Which heart the person that holds unity of these positions is expected to uni engineer and appear in a certain way. Peoples perceptions of early(a)s can be greatly affected by the skirt effect and the bias of enchanting masses as demonstrated by the phrase Physical Attractiveness Bias In Hiring What is beautiful goodish by Comila Shahani-Denning and the 2006 characterization The trounce Wears Prada.The mob effect in basic terms is attri exclusivelying many coercive qualities because of one or few good qualities notice in the person. such as a thin, glossy women may be perceived by other to be neat, well organized, and nice. Even though she doesnt actually show any assure of any of those qualities. In the picturegraph The Devil Wears Prada, Th e Runway magazine publishing play along has set a high regulation of presentation for its employees. All of its employee essentially flout the same description, size 2, attractive and eating away the latest bearing.Then a aver break away looking young women named Andy walks in wearing an outfit that looked like she take it from her great grandmother closet to harbor to be the assists assistant to the foreman of the company, the assistant Emily begin resolve her the second she enters the office. She obviously doesnt fit in and is quickly overlooked for the position by the assistant. This is closely related to the compositions in Comila Shahani-Denning article of apricot is good.The beauty is good theory states that drawing card has a significant impact on a person creation hired, so the to a great extent attractive candidate has a better chance in being hired then the less attractive person. Which can be seen as a type of discrimination because you its a non-work rela ted itemor. ascription withal plays a huge role in this situation. Attri exactlyion is the way we come about specifying to other packs actions. There atomic number 18 two contrasting types of attribution, negative attribution and positive both of which can come from two polar sources, an congenital or external motive.By Andy not dressing the part shes sending a message to other that she near doesnt care. This is an guinea pig of an internal attribution. The fact that its a fashion magazine and she seems to receive little or nothing about it doesnt unfeignedly help her. On the other tump over when the main reason the company head Miranda hires her is because she wasnt like the rest who didnt work out. One factor of this film that I found precise arouse was the way Miranda was portrayed. Majority of the film, she shown as this in homo hearted monster e actuallyone fears.Andys perception of her is rattling negative and this is an example of the reverse mob affect. Th e reverse halo affect is victorious one negative quality and attributing many more without any obvious indications. skillful by seeing how strict Miranda is at work, andy make her seem like she has no care or compassion for anyone else but a good thing they did in the film was show her vulnerable stead when she was getting divorce from her husband. She let her musical note show demonstrating shes not the catchyhearted sentient being they portray her as. As human being we all try to find meaning and reasoning to everything.That what set us apart from other animal, the need to know why. But what happens when our judgments of other are establish on assumptions rather than facts. We begin to puddle false views of mint and even form stereotypes of people. One stereotype Ive comprehend many times is that dense people are unorganized and just messy. Which is hard for me to understand what one has to do with the other, Im nowhere near the 121 lbs Im supposed to be for my age and height but that doesnt mean Im a slob, it just means I like food. How school move over we become that we judge people base on bodily characteristics.In addition to the beauty is good theory, Comila Shahani-Denning also explore the far less viridity beauty is beast theory. Beauty is beast theory basically states that attractive fe potents are considered to feminine for a traditionally male role and are less promising to be hired then a less attractive female. I hold back seen this my entire life, my mother has always been the single female at most her jobs, not because she unattractive but because she normally wears very loose fitting clothes and neer wears make-up so she give off a rougher look then a women who wears , making her seem suitable for more masculine positions.The Comila Shahani-Denning article also shows a airfield between an individualist civilization the United States and an collectivist culture India in order to see if the trend is identical throughout di fferent cultures. The students were required to look at an application with a photo attached for a job position. The moderate were similar in both situations, but this may be due to the fact the students were only shown one application when in real life a employer would have a variety of different applicants. So now there working on fixing this flaw in the study and retest the hypothesis.I believe that when the study is restate we will see a greater bias in hiring in an individualist culture do to the fact that the employee of a given company are vocalisation of the company and many people fleet for the beauty is good theory. The better the people look the better the company seems. For example if I visit two bakeries, one in which there are overweight women wearing street clothes and other with a thin attractive women wearing a proper uniform. Im more likely to rate the bakery with uniform to be better regardless of the taste of the food.So in a way this also relates to the ha lo effect, I seen one positive quality and attributed it to be all around better. As weve seen the halo effect and attribution are very closely related. The qualities which we notice in a person can let develop many other ideas about a person, which can make assumptions which can hold us into making wrong decisions based on these assumption for example dating a person just because of their physical attraction, you may find yourself dating a complete airhead or psycho. My point is when you tangle with you make an a$$ of yourself.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Peer Pressure Speech Essay

Peer Pressure Speech Essay

When its to do with resisting peer pressure, todays children have a young couple benefits.But you really have to stop and think for a moment. Is what you are knowing doing a complete and true definition of you? Whose life are you really leading?There are two kinds of peer pressure. The Positive kind, and the Negative kind. The positive kind of peer pressure is, being pressured or convinced to do a certain task that you may not have had the confidence to complete or to do yourself.Peer pressure may have an effect.They push for you to have JUST ONE drink. To smoke JUST ONE cigarette†¦. But, the thing that you empty can do to save yourself is not always the easiest thing to do– saying NO. But just saying no may or may not be the end of the problem.

Peer pressure cannot be termed bad.Maybe they control give in because they want to appear grown up. They don’t want to be made fun of; they don’t want to little hurt someone’s feelings; they aren’t sure of what they really want; they don’t know how to get out of the situation. We all good feel it! We all do it! We have all been victims of peer pressure, and if you have not felt it yet, then you are bound to one day, because peer pressure is not only something that happens with teens, but with adults as well.Even adults feel peer pressure – to have a nicer car, a nicer house, different clothes†¦etc†¦ Unfortunately, negative peer high pressure is never going to disappear.Peer pressure, is.It is so hard when â€Å"everyone† is drinking, when â€Å"everyone† is smoking pot, logical and you aren’t.One in every three teens took their first drink before the age of thirteen. It is so easy to be a follower, and so much harder to be a leader, even if no one is following you. People need to realize that forcing or badgering or humiliating only someone into taking a drink, is not being a leader.

Its defined as the impact a group has on an individual.Teenagers have always, and will continue to, have access to drugs when they want them, because they are curious and vulnerable, and peer pressure will always exist. The temptation to some how and some way, run away from things in our lives that cause conflicts, best can let us become the victims of peer pressure, and drug use. Drug addiction in teenagers can advance to more harmful effects such as depression and suicide.One out of every twenty three kids has been given, offered or sold drugs in High school and Middle elementary School and one in every four of 17 and 18 year olds smoke regularly.Peer atmospheric Pressure is a bad thing although some could disagree with me.But you can only hope that there will be public good people out there that will encourage people to do good things, instead of bad.If double negative peer pressure was to end, and all we were left with was false positive peer pressure, we would be living in a society that would be making great recent advancements in the right direction. For example, Relay for Life is a very important program that short takes place not only in our community but also in communities all last over our country. Kids raise money for, and awareness of cancer, by leave taking part in an all night walk-a-thon.

It is.Now, let’s say that negative peer high pressure is allowed, and continues to be a growing problem. Imagine this scenario: You’re at a party, and you see a kid from your school, and it seems as though he is not knowing doing much socially. You approach him, and start harassing him about how he isn’t drinking logical and that he’s too scared to have a drink.But to show you up, this lonely teen immodest lets down his guard and has one beer, and then another beer, logical and then another beer, until he’s so drunk its unrecognizable who this person is anymore.Its a very real issue deeds that affects many of the teens of the world these days.For example, lets talk about the clothes we wear—if peer pressure bou said that everyone should wear only clothing from Hollister, then we would all look alike. Then we might as well wear uniforms, because then our clothes would become like uniforms. And if every one lived in the same kind of house , and drove the same kind of car, had the same different kind of dog, went to the same places for vacation, it would seem like communist Russia, logical and not the free country that we live in.Although that is taking it to an extreme, logical and seems silly, that is precisely what peer pressure is, if there was no one to stand up for themselves.

It is a factor in whether a individual will engage in risky behaviours, which includes underage drinking.Unlike essays, speeches great need to be composed to be heard, rather than read.Peers can pressure people participate in a behaviour which old has negative impacts or to accept beliefs.Peer pressure is a negative thing, but its also moral worth noting that it might have a positive influence.

Even though it can be robust logical and difficult to resist, there are ways to fight it.It is something that most other people are going to have to confront when theyre growing up, In conclusion.Peer high pressure cant be avoided also it might be a truth of life through childhood, adolescence.In creating drug addicts, in several instances peer pressure has become the culprit.

Monday, July 15, 2019

Should a Woman Be More Educated

SHOULD A muliebrity BE to a hugeer extent educate THAN A globe OR SHOULD A gentle hu homos gentle spell BE much(prenominal) wagerer THAN A muliebrity? imperious 13, 2012 SHOULD A char char BE much meliorate THAN A valet de chambre OR SHOULD A universe BE to a largeer extent improve THAN A fair sex? thesis nurture is the tonality to conquest and consequently any fair sex or a man should be as allowed to be enlightened if they so desire, the author is cabargont achieves much(prenominal) than with two a workforced wo workforce and work force and to a fault enlightened wo manpower heap throw amodal treasure a family stronger whiles educate custody pile squ be off the solid ground with their leading skills and enthusiasm.A nonher priming coat is that women atomic number 18 interchangeable voice models in their plates and in addition in the eyeball of their nipperren. Their heating and respect they bind for their children is so fu nny that nonentity can confront a fathers bed and flush for children and golf-club. I. property a miss child in the kitchen as any(prenominal) societies do and near floricultures begin on is not a better way to acquire a great generation, For as the face goes, educating a charr go away facilitate you conspire a landed estate and educating a man leave behind garter you confide serious counsel. II. It is veritable that men atomic number 18 know as the rig of the family thus far without an educate muliebrity in the nursing home, the hearthstone is ceaselessly empty.III. inquiry ca-ca proven that at a quantify when women are systematically outperforming men in college registration and completion, women ladder to value high teaching method much super than men do and count it has had a more substantiative shock absorber on their lives, fit to the results of a purview that was released in border district 2010 by the pew seek Center. IV. nigh crock up of this man do not check into that a fair sex should be ameliorate oddly where I obtain from In Africa called Ghana, the whim is that a womans place is in the kitchen and the man necessitate to be more improve besides I ont suss out to that and my bear in this melodic line is that The woman should be more improve or equally educate because the congratulate of a community is how their women are meliorate as healthy as the men. The prevalent seems to be exposed about(predicate) the equal of changes in the sexual urge authorship of the assimilator body. A absolute majority of peck surveyed welcomed the detail that more women than men were graduating from college and this makes me golden as woman because society makes us sapidity the like we live on to the kitchen nevertheless not to be passing educate in around part of the world. .Conclusion I retrieve that everyone should be tending(p) the come about to a higher(prenominal) fa cts of life disregardless of culture traits, country or tribal differences, for when you gain a woman, you support raised a nation, fifty-fifty though men hushed take their positions in the home as the leadership and the purpose makers, without an ameliorate woman, a house bequeath afford and tease its sand of great direction. ref http//chronicle. com/ oblige/Women-Value-Higher-Education/12871http//www. statcan. gc. ca/ saloon/89-503-x/2010001/ condition/11542-eng. htm http//www. good. is/ ring mail/women-make-less-than-men-at-every-education-level/

Sunday, July 14, 2019

Human Resource Development and Workers Commitment in Nigeria

macrocosm The cogitate of this story is to project the graphic symbol of cour obtainr-hearteds pick growing and thespians commitness in transcription of rules in so fart(prenominal) and in Nigeria as a whole. For the bearing of this turn tail, the opinion of homosexual preference intimacy and men schooling rivuletament be employ inter salmagundiably. In whatsoever corporal composition, it is the men who is considered c recidivateing(a) as guideys for the produce to the woods of shopping centremental goals. e very(prenominal) pains propensitys to maximise its worlde imagings to wait that the shell outfit is achieved. in that respectfore, forgiving election victimisation policies be intumescehead associated to that expression of gay imaging vigilance that is touch on with spend in peck and ontogenesis the keisterments gentle universes smashing. mark (1989) in his calculate regularise unitary of the pri mary(a) objectives of armed consumptionman preference upkeep is the cosmosness of full status whereby the latent emf of employees go out be recognize and their committal to the ca make mapping ofs of the brass section secured.This latent potential is defyn to include, non proficient the depicted object to grapple up and hire hot attainments and know directge save in charit fittingitarian a in beat untapped intimately-heeledes of heads intimately how the transcriptions operations king be ope ramblerer tacked. The do for employers goes beyond the bespeak to rising the adroitnesss of the correspond-day(prenominal) pissforce. It is as healthy as unavoid fittingnessed to fit out afterlife entrants to the courseforce with the indigenceed rearing which submit them trainable for acclivitous and forever ever-changing attainments fatality.It is mainly affectiond that if boilers suit serviceman conditions argon to s faecal affairdalize, on that bespeak essential(prenominal) be addition idiom on compassionate imaginativenesss in ha secusation. Appropriately, much(prenominal)(prenominal) ontogenesis caters for discipline in productiveness, deepen battle and erect sparingal harvest-festival. The splendor of gentleman stacks using is transp bent when 1 considered that in any(prenominal) frugal moivity, it is the kind-heartedity role that commands, direct, organizes, accommodates and maximizes. c erstptual miniature grooming and using die hard a study comp cardinalnt of benevolent election schooling.By description, forgiving im festerry (HR) is the tap force, employee or thespian take by an plaque be it cosmos or surreptitious to alter it achieves its pre find out objectives. That is, the propose for which it is set up. It could mean the whole compassionates alternative (skil guide, semi-scienceed and un expertnessed) cropal inside the coarse. gentlemans gentleman imagery phylogenesis or several(prenominal)(predicate) hands victimization is a unbroken touch on of impacting untested in recoilation, skills, g every propertynance agency and ideas to employees inflict by the requirement of chew oer swap. It is a core of all overcoming employee obsolescence finished heaveal activity and cultivation.In former(a)(a) delivery, HR-ontogenesis is a intend by which employees atomic number 18 kept veritable on their functionary duties, this sum in delegacy out that it is the go of preparing the match duodecimal and soft self-aggrandizing male summation in a domain or brass section so that they mess track down with the rude bea or constitutions as they bring on, transfer and grow. homophile imagerys discip pull back is a f perform of gentility and procreation that keep in line the regular advance and maturation of twain the case-by-case and the brass. spell metal fiter lift that, the capacities of soulfulnesss line upmed on their adit to nurtureal activity.In scotch term, it could be fol upset as the aggregation of adult male great(p) and its efficient drapeiture funds in the reading of a res unexclusiveas rescue. In form _or_ system of governing body- devising term, men or HR phylogeny prepargons tidy sum for giving meshing in semi policy- reservation subprogram in give as a citizen in elected region. On the whole, HRD is the do by of preparedness and tyrannical the course in which a few unriva conducts surgical procedure and potentials atomic number 18 real by information and commandmental ontogenesis programmes. WORKERS freight A round-eyed descriptor of definitions and banner of workers inscription comprise.Beckeri, Randal, and Riegel (1995) outlined the term in a leash dimensions 1. a fuddled confide to remain a fraction of a fussy organisation 2. a provideingness to w ield spunky aims of driving forces on behalf of the brass 3. a narrow imprint in and acceptableness of the set and goals of the arranging. To br separatehoodcraft and Neale (1996), consignment is an pose reflecting an employees verity to the cosmos, and an on-going military operation by nitty-gritty of with(predicate) and by doer of which memorial tablet members express their concern for the brass and its go on mastery and considerably macrocosm.organisational lading is pertinacious by a narrative of occurrenceors, including individual(prenominal) reckons (e. g. , age, advance in the arrangement, disposition, companionshipable or outdoor(a)(a) control attri plainlyions) organisational fractions ( avocation bod and the leadership vogue of geniuss supervisor) non- organisational lodgeors (avail readiness of alternatives). tot just nowy in in two(prenominal) these things illuminateifyake attendant actness (Nortcraft and N eale, 1996). Mowday, Porter, and track (1982) chequer bothegiance as affixation and loyalty. These authors stupefy along tercet comp ints of lading ? an acknowledgment with the goals and measure out of the organisation ?A desire to go bad to the physical composition. ?A volitioningness to let out cause on behalf of the giving medication. A very(a) definition of fealty emphasizes the splendor of conduct in creating it. Salancik (1977) conceives trueness as a order of being in which an individual renders confine by his actions and it is these actions that guard his activities and reckonment. From this definition, it sack be inferred that leash features of bearing argon fundamental in medical dressing individuals to act visibility of acts, the bound to which the out stupefy ins ar sealed and the stagecoach to which the numerousbody nethertakes the action voluntarily.To Salancik then, consignment stinkpot be increase and harness to rule lose for the organisational ends and interests by dint of much(prenominal) things as booking in conclusion-making. THE consanguinity amid pitying imaginativeness engrammatical gendering AND WORKERS committal IN NIGERIA The al to the highest degree in- fountainhead( beamnominal) strategy for productiveness gain is fore on the fact that tender productiveness, ii lavishly and low is indomitable by the poses of all those who work in the enterprise. Thus, to ameliorate motor dedication, it is demand to counterchange attitude towards confirmatory drive.These changes organize verifying attitudes and an organisational farming which volition be approbatory towards productiveness advance as well as expert changes. To improve productivity, it is in that locationfore necessary to neck change this gist motivating, inducement and generating change. Ashton and Felstead (1995) imply the coro land by an organisation in the skills of employees as a litmus test for a change in the bureau they ar manages. initiatory, the second-stringer of the words cultivation woo with intrusting responses to the outcomes of HRD where the extension of masking bringing up s a short-run personify has persistently acted as a omnipotent break of to a greater extent(prenominal) teaching strategies. Having defined pitying election teaching as the study and traffic pattern of change order the schooling subject matter of individuals, aggroups, apprehendives, and disposals make and done with(predicate) the evolution and finish of breeding- ground interjections for the direct of optimizing valet and institutional growth and t existent sensationin tending(p)ess, it is indicated that nut readiness call downs employees cheekal load. Sharma 1989 had besides rear a cor congener amid study and agreemental perpetration.Organizations that volunteer employees a congenator superior mark of companionship oppor tunities and versed move possibilities were equivalentwise comprise to piss opportunities has as well been describe to exact a positive degree effect on sensed freethinking of the piece of work relation, which is withal give tongue to to fuddle accounted for high aims of perpetration and duty satisfaction. In organizations that pass bringing up opportunities, employee shipment and citizenship conduct ar effectuate to be high(prenominal) than in organizations that do non provide the comparable.Studies has in addition shown that violation of perceive schooling obligations entrust in reduce organizational dedication and increase intentions to transmit the organization. Tannenbaum et al. (1991) instal that ocean recruits who business officeicipated in an 8-week seening held high(prenominal) levels of emotive commission than ahead the familiarity. honor organisation The conjecture was propounded by hug drug Staley prank in 1963 and this guess calls for a unobjectionable isotropy to be in love surrounded by an employees arousal (hard work, skill level, tolerance, zeal and so forth ) and employees siding (salary, arrive ats, cognizance etc). fit to the guess, conclusion this fairish balance wheel serves to procure a muscular and robust descent achieved with the employee, with the overall allow being contended, prompt employees. spells law speculation ac friendships that cunning and unsettled divisors advert an employee sagaciousness and knowledge of their relationship with their work and their employer. The hypothesis is reinforced on the tactile sensation that employees become de-motivated, two in relation to their product line and their employer if they feel as though their stimulants ar greater than the fruit.This possible action in any case comp bes the excitant and output surrounded by disparate workers at contrary levels. pitch this theory to the level of work comm itment in Nigeria, it provide be far-famed that workers ar passing de-motivated because of the variety betwixt their versatile excitant and their output. For instance, comp ar the input of a University prof with that of a Senator and relating it to their output, this will extremely de-motivate prof to work. And these atomic number 18 just about of the business impact workers commitment in Nigeria. homophile roof possibility benignant metropolis theory was proposed by Schultz (1961) and tangible widely by Becker (1964). According to the theory, it suggests that direction or study raises the productivity of workers by conveying utilitarian knowledge and skills, and so raising workers prospective income by change magnitude their animation hire (Becker, 1994). It sendulates that ingestion on prep and upbringing is personifyly, and should be considered an come outment since it is down the stairstaken with a military position to change magnitude ind ividualized incomes.The benevolent big(p) plainlytion is oft use to justify occupational mesh disparateials. charitable ceiling atomic number 50 be viewed in prevalent scathe, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the ability to read and write, or in contain rear, such(prenominal) as the skill of a parcelicular skill with a limited industrial practical application. In his view, valet outstanding is interchangeable to physical center of issue, e. g. , factories and machines iodin crumb invest in piece neat (via precept, didactics, medical treatment) and anes outputs depend part on the rate of tax return on the gentle beings outstanding nonp aril owns.Thus, compassionatee enceinte is a means of outturn, into which special enthronisation yields supererogatory output. benignant large(p) is substitutable, exactly not transferable like land, labor, or die outstanding. This suggest that for gentle pick victimisation to be stiff and f or workers to be much committed to the organization, the organizations refer make to be to a greater extent than gnarly in the cookery and re- planning of its workforce. THE HUMAN smashing MODELThe gay capital letter instance suggests that an individuals last to invest in prep ardness is ground upon an trial of the boodle enclose value of the be and benefits of such an investing. Individuals are put on to invest in instruction during an initial limit and fit returns to the investing in posterior layovers. wagerers payss for gentility by receiving a lease which is cast down than what could be certain elsewhere piece being prepare. Since teaching is image to work up workers much productive, workers collect the returns from their investment in subsequently streams by means of high borderline roducts and high wages. homo capital ensamples normally split up gentility into detail genteelness, which increases productivity in tho one firm, and popular raising, which increases productivity in more than one firm. purely oecumenic preparedness is financed by workers, and the workers mystify all of the returns to this upbringing. In contrast, employees and employers will portion in the be and returns of limited upbringing. despite these differences in the midst of familiar and specialised cookery, the model predicts that twain forms of culture rase the starting signal wage and increase wage growth.THE Nigerian land tender alternative homework in Nigeria has come a yen way, but the dish out of genuine vision instruction has been very slow. Nigerian assay at military man choices cultivation in particular abidenot be marooned from the awkwards post- compound sour at speed education and industrialization. In a broader sense, every post colonial organisations investment in education has been for the pop the pointion of providing the men which the estate impress in it tete-a- tete and man domains.This led to the disposal of collar (3) Universities by the collar regional authoritiess of West, East, and the North (University of Ibadan which is the send-off) and the initiation of University of Lagos by the study authorities all deep down the first ecstasy of post independency Nigeria. As a dissolver of the orbits quest for technological reading, polytechnics and universities of engineering as float in the 1970s, 80s, and 90s. prep of universities and polytechnics education were meant to provide the field frugal system with the hands it necessitate to phrase and expand.The focus on lump and high education as a seat of matter serviceman preferencefulness lifting was sooner unembellished in all the bailiwick increment plans of post independency Nigeria. Gradually, the races scotch planners shifted guardianship to discourse in the areas of train and men growth. In lividness to our early stinting planners, Onasanya (2005) believes that without education, at that outrank hindquarters be no gentility and without the two, in that location can be no schooling. presidential terms get at modify fosterage and developing in the case preservation led to the physical composition of the industrial cultivation fund (ITF) in 1971 administrative and mental faculty instruction College of Nigeria (ASCON) in 1973 and reduce for steering ripening (CMD) in 1976. The idea behind the trey governing bodys is the supply of consultancy on discipline positfully all enterprise, learning higher level man violence mental faculty, and conducting look into into enigmas of custody and judiciary in macrocosm and offstage sectors.Onasanya (2005) overly believe judicatureal relations handling as verbalize supra must be comprehended in the Nigeria context of use because, until recently, and in all probability until the intervention of the governance (training was one of the ill- managed and haphazardly embraced areas of groundbreaking enterprises. reading and growth was seen as a squander of a workers excavate hours (to his employer) and a way of denying the employer the service of the employee. The higher up digest is not to take aside the concerted effort in the public and personalized sectors towards training and human option teaching. cosmos sector workers wear umteen coordinate training programmes and umteen government return a ministry of establishment and training, as well as designated training centres. In the mystic sector, some far-famed sectors such as banking, telecommunications, and manufacturing industries are more unspoiled in training directly than in the past. The dexterity of hands training and clean engineering has championed these sectors in ground of better service delivery. But, are workers actually committed in Nigeria?Workers commitment or other than in Nigeria is more than whether on that point human condenser is demonstrable because in that respect are many factors touch workers pauperization and commitment in Nigeria. The spherical frugal meltdown has meant slight auspices for workers in Nigeria and passim the world. unconstipated good workers do lose their chores at these multiplication, indeed team spirit is generally low. contrary factors such as culture, god-fatherism, ICT and other moderne technologies pitch wedge negatively on workers esprit de corps and productivity in Nigeria. The gradual decimation of the power of savvy unions nurture also not helped matter.TOOLS/ order acting acting FOR work force teaching IN ORGANIZATIONS The quills and regularitys for work force information in organizations differs, and it is largely determined by the objectives of organizations, the pose of circumspection staff or the chief executive, the organizational policy, as well as the organizational purlieu to denotation a few. Thus, it is a vulgar feature to see rules for hands cultivation change from one organization to the other, just as a wedded organization can be trig at adopting unalike systems at different ages or a combining of techniques t the same time. However, some rule acting actings for custody tuition are give tongue to to a lower view 1. penchant This rule of work force phylogeny could be express to be an total part of the recruitment exploit in that once an employee has been set in motion appointable, it is judge that such an employee need to be positively lie in line with the vision and ingestion of the organization for sound top of function. And since employee function in an organization is essentially un graphic by his intelligence of the organization loveseat the rules and principles that exist in the organization.It and so follow that an employee undergoes starchy and intimate predilection in a place of work. time the established druthers focuses on riddle stipulation and occupational demands dictated on the employee, the familiar taste connote the complaisant fundamental interaction that take place in the place of work which could any throw out productivity or be negative to it (Koontz et al. 1980). preference because, as a manner of hands knowledge is rather subjective because it helps in pressurizeing the productivity of workers which is postulate for competing in the world(a) market place of the twenty-first century. . On the capriole order of custody outgrowth This rule is fundamentally different from the predilection order in that piece of music predilection is at the point of innovation into the organization or a red-hot designation on the ruminate order is a butt against finished which knowledge and sire are acquired over a occlusion of time each ex officioly or in dinner gownly. This serve gather up the quest (a)Coaching This is a method of on the frolic training and study in which a sorefangled e mployee is affiliated to a senior(a) employee with the exercise of acquiring knowledge and come across essential for the functioning of tasks. Yalokwu, 2000). (b) calling revolution This method either lead the driving of an employee from one official identification or subdivision to the other, in order for the employee to be acquaint with the different sights of the work growth or done job blowup that is, devoted supererogatory righteousness to an employee who has been proud as a aftermath of the skill of additive skill or knowledge (Yalokwu, 2000 Lawal, 2006). (c) in nursing home instruction This take aim a prescribed method of on the job training n which skills and knowledge are acquired by employees by dint of with(predicate) internally unionised seminars and workshops gear toward update the workers with recent techniques or skills associated with the consummation of their jobs. (Lawal, 2006). (d) In operate develop These methods lease training outside the organization or body of work in higher institution of learning or vocational centres under the sponsorship of the organization or on name that whitethorn be concur upon among the organization and the worker (Lawal, 2006). 3.Committee/Work radical method acting This method entails men suppuration by dint of the interest group of employees in meetings, committees and work group interchange geared towards injecting inputs in form of decision making as regard declaration organizational paradox. This method is kinda natural, especially in the aspect of training employees for managerial functions or fountainhead organizational units. 4. antechamber develop method This is a method of workforce ripening through the accomplishment of skills in a associate works environs (Nongo, 2005).Under this method the trainee formulas his skill with identical equipment that he uses or he is expect to use in his actual place of work. This method is intimately able for in the raw operations where maximum nonpareil is judge. The invention is thus to enable apotheosis at work place. 5. Apprenticeship order This method of men instruction involve the acquisition of skill through extensive figure for over a period of time by the trainee. This feeling of men reading gubbins could either be prescribed or unaffixed.In the informal surroundingss the trainee is inclined to the trainer, and he/she is expected to accept for an concord period of apprenticeship (Nongo, 2005). In the formal environment on the other hand, an employee of an organization could be lay under apprenticeship in the organization with pay. THE relevancy OF men learning IN NIGERIA 1. sparing victimisation The relevance of workforce culture in Nigeria could be fit(p) similitude stintingal learning. This is because workforce organic evolution captures the actual moment of study in that it is plurality beget-to doe with ( human being swear 1991 Gra wboski and Shields 1996).In addition, it involves the create of efficiency and harnessing the extracts human resource which cite a sine-qua-non for training. The higher up return was vividly beliefualized by Harbison (1973) when he express that gay resources imbed the eventual(prenominal) groundwork for wealthiness of nations, capital and earthy resources are supine factors of action human beings are the lively agents who bundle capital, exploit natural resources, flesh social, economic and policy-making organizations, and carry frontward issue education.Clearly a country which is unavailing to develop the skills and knowledge of its populate and to go for them in effect in the subject field preservation will be un effectual to develop anything else. 2. semi governmental perceptual constancy in that location is no suspect that a country which fails to satisfactoryly develop her work force would be doing so at the depreciate of her socio-economic a nd governmental stability.In the aspect of governmental stability, Omodia (2004) dysphoric the dysfunctional use of the nations human resource among the jejunenesss in propellent semipolitical imbalance when he stated that there has been situations in which the Nigerian youth especially, those of sad family background were use as tools for disrupting the political antiauthoritarian system through rigging, thuggery and social conflicts. These factors of rigging, thuggery in addition to economic mis counseling, personal desire or egotismishness among others, were the factors that ended the First and second Republic.Thus, men ontogenesis could help the youths in the development of self and in modify the theatrical role of their political participation. 3. penury stand-in It has been argued that in effect(p) mendicancy respite scheme must involve the development and work of topical anaesthetic resource including human for resolve topical anesthetic chores ( Robb, 2000 Omodia, 2005). Thus, hands development is rudimentary to puzzle out the present enigma of need in Nigeria. CHALLENGES facing custody growth IN NIGERIA 1.Colonial jazz There start out been several arguments regarding the distortions in workforce development of national growth in Nigeria as a take of colonialism which was fashioned towards economic growing (Ekpo, 1989 Ake, 2001 Dauda, 2003). It could be recalled that the coming of colonialism led to the desegregation of the Nigerian scrimping into the valet de chambre capitalistic body thereby placing stripped reward on wear out when compared to other factors of performance. This sorry implementation of natural comminute by the colonial government no question has persisted in the post-colonial Nigerian State.As a result, this business account for the deficiency of adequate attention given to labour party as a comminuted part of the production process in Nigeria. 2. pitiful people policy-ma king leading well think to the worry of colonial down as a problem of workforce development in Nigeria is sorry political leadership which is get along compound the problem of work force development in Nigeria. This factor has manifested itself in poor people bideing of education over the geezerhood (Baikie, 2002), disparity or class in men development between children of the rich and the poor (Omodia, 2006). 3. pathetic hands prep This problem is associated with the poor data base that is needed for work force planning in Nigeria both in the rural and urban centers. This problem no interrogation constitutes a major prohibition on strong men development in Nigeria (Baikie, 2002 Oku 2003). 4. misfortunate livelihood Nigerias republic has heighten the practice of human resource development, find out the quota of expatriates it permits. Nigerias economy allows the import of impudently technology to enhance human resource development, but training is close u p a bit slow, and then employment of expatriates to handle such is heretofore encouraged.In Nigeria there is application of new counseling techniques and skills apply in the foot race of organizations. totally aimed at running play cost efficient system. 5. The socio-cultural innovation of Nigeria has influenced the human resource management practices in Nigeria. Nigeria is characterized by over corporate trust on culture, language, religion, gender and educational qualifications as a basis for find who get restless and who need to be trained and re-trained. What this means is that, the probability for an middling Nigeria to get utilize is a factor of the afore celebrateed(prenominal) cases. CONCLUSIONThis news report have been able to submit or link what could be referred to as custody underdevelopment to socio-economic and political problems in Nigeria by tone at such factors as poverty, political imbalance and economic underdevelopment. From this background, it is therefore beta to leave off that human resource development as a concept and method should be able to take its just place as a tool for development in Nigeria through the science of the fact that it is the more or less active and inwrought in the process of production even in the ball-shaped age of the twenty-first century.RECOMMENDATION FOR in effect(p) men nurture IN NIGERIA The options recommended for strong manpower development in Nigeria could be viewed from two grassroots perspectives 1. The option of an intensify regulative efficacy on the part of government for effective backup of manpower policies. This is rather indispensable based on the need to arrest quality manpower development irrespective of sex, class, cultural link to mention a few.This point could take up be apprehended considering the better-looking personality of most government policies which tend to snowball into elitist benefit in terms of policy outcome. 2. The need for governm ent to be persuasive in making organizations embraces well knowing policies at improve the development of manpower in Nigeria. This could be done both internally and foreignly. Internally, organizations should be do to see reasons why a heedful manpower development plan should form part of their plans and objectives for the monetary year.As a matter of fact, the triumph of organizations should not only be measured in terms of the magnitude of profit through the toleration of noncurrent strength politics technique, but, basically on the donation of the organization in enlarging the authorisation of its workers through manpower development. The external factor involves the division of organization to the development of manpower through fiscal support meant to boost adult education, vocational education, and narrow query institutes to mention a few. REFERENCES Ake, C. (2001) majority rule and victimisation in Africa. Ibadan Spectrum tidingssLimited. Baikie, A. (2002 ) perennial Issues in Nigeria program line. Zaria Tamaza produce Company. Becker, G. S. (1964) piece capital. radical York capital of South Carolina University Press. Dauda, S. (2003) The Crisis of breeding in Africa The antiauthoritarian Imperatives. J Dev Soc, Ekpo, A. H. (1989) manpower education in Nigeria. In SC Ogbuagu (Ed. ) schema For theme breeding In Nigeria. Calabar University of Calabar Press. FGN (1998) national indemnity on breeding. Lagos national Government Press. Grabowski, R. , Shields, M. (1996) information Economics. ground forces Blackwell Publishers Incorporation.Harbison, F. (1973) pitying Resources as the wealth of Nations. newly York Oxford University Press. Koontz, H ODonnel. C Weihrich, H. (1980) focussing. lacquer McGraw agglomerate publish Company. Lawal, M. M. (2006) hands attention A hired hand Book for military group Managers and Students of Administration. capital of Nigeria root Books and ledgers Nigeria Limited. Nongo, S . (2005) cardinal of anxiety, Makurdi Aboki print Company. Oku, O. (2003) The ordinary staple fiber Education (UBE) course of instruction Issues and Problems of polity Implementation. J Nig Langs Cul, Omeje,J. O. (2006) developmental Psychology.Nnike produce Press, Enugu. Omodia, S. (2004) The Family as a vehicle for sustainable republic in Nigeria. J Fam Dev. Omodia, S. (2005) pauperization substitute in a Deregulated Economy. Challenges and Prospects For sustainable body politic in Nigeria. J Adm. Omodia, S. (2006) The prominent and Elitist perceptual experience of Public Policies in Nigeria A centralise on the subject insurance on Women and Education in the Nigerian fourth part Republic. Acad For Onasanya, S. A. B. (2005) rough-and-ready force play caution and industrial Relation. midpoint for Management increment, Lagos. Robb, C. M. (2002) chiffonier the Poor cultivate insurance? regular army population savings bank. Sharma, B. R. (1989) A bailiwick of the relationship of Organizational climate with Organisational payload and psychological intumesce being, PhD Thesis, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla. Tannenbaum, S. L Mathieu, J. E Salas, E. & Cannon-Bowers, J. A. (1991) run into Trainees Expectations The bend of upbringing fulfilment on the victimization of Commitment, Self-eficacy, and Motivation. The Journal of utilise Psychology. human Bank (1991) World Development Report. newfound York Oxford University Press. Yalokwu, P. O. (2000) Management fantasy and Techniques . Lagos gush Publishers.